Salmonella

**__Symptoms__**
= Salmonellosis is usually confined to the intestines. It may spread throughout the body in chronically ill people and in people who have a deficient immune system or sickle cell anemia. The bacteria cause symptoms of the disease by releasing a poison called a toxin//.// The toxin stimulates the secretion of fluids in the small intestine, producing diarrhea. Other symptoms of salmonellosis include nausea, abdominal pain, and fever. =

== Typhoid fever, more commonly known as Salmonella is a disease spread by eating contaminated food. However It can be prevented by thoroughly cooking food like meat and other bacteria containing food. It also can be prevented by washing your hands before a meal. Salmonella can usually last up to seven days, without treatment. The usual treatments are antibiotics. Some doctors may prescribe a 10-14 day course of an antibiotic, just to be safe. Ciprofloxacin is a antibiotic used to clear up this disease. ==

[[image:bacterialandviraldiseases/Ciprofloxacin.jpg width="228" height="181"]]

 * Ciprofloxacin **

Salmonella was originally discovered by Theobald Smith in 1885. Smith named salmonella after Daniel Elmer Salmon who was a administrator in the research program, USDA.
== 2007-08: An outbreak of salmonella in 34 states from turtles. It mostly outbreaked for children. This happened by the feces can travel to its body and shell and then spread through touch. Many parents didn’t know that salmonella can travel through turtles, which is the main reason it became an outbreak. It first started by one diseased turtle and during shipping it spread to others causing the outbreak. Then the turtles were bought and sold, those who now owned them didn’t know the horror behind the outbreak. One third of those who were patients were hospitalized. Many kids didn’t know they had salmonella, until later, and those couple days they didn’t know and they went to school they spread it to their classmates. == == 550 million eggs were contaminated with salmonella from to large farms have been recalled. The drug administration was trying to figure out what caused the outbreak but was left with no clue. 1,300 to 2,000 people were affected by the outbreak. No one had died but was life-threatening and many were hospitalized. The outbreak first started when the salmonella bacteria get on the shell or it could be from the chicken that produced the egg and the salmonella went from the chicken to the egg. == = =

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** __How is Salmonella transmitted,reproduction, and how does it take over the host?__ **
== Salmonella is transmitted from food or water that's contaminated with the bacteria or animal feces. Poultry, milk, eggs, and products made from eggs are foods that commonly carry the bacteria. Salmonella reproduce by using binary fission, like any other Prokaryotic organis**m.** == == **How it takes over the the host: Once the Salmonella is ingested, the Salmonellae is characterized by the attachment of the pili or frimbriae (a fringed border) cell on the intestinal lumen. After the Salmonella attach on to specialized cells called,epithelial cells of the Peyer Patches (bacteria eaters) located on the wall of the small intestine. Bacteria are then internalized and released inside the lamina propria.** ==

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= References = ~Clark, Marler. “About Salmonella.” //Marlerclark//. Outbreak inc., 2005-__2012__. Web. 28 Feb. 2012. []. ~“Largest turtle-Linked salmonella outbreak detailed.” //SIRS Discoverer//. Tanner, Lindsey, 19 Oct. 2009. Web. 22 Feb. 2012. []. ~Nano, Stephanie. “are the __eggs__ sold at my supermarket safe to eat?” //SIRS Discoverer//. the associated press, 23 Aug. 2010. Web. 23 Feb. 2012. []. ~Wikipedia, the __free__ encyclopedia. “Salmonella.” //Wikipeadia//. N.p., 28 Feb. 2012. Web. 28 Feb. 2012. [|http://en.wikipedia.org/‌wiki/‌Salmonella#History]. Franklin, James L. "Salmonellosis." //http://www.worldbookonline.com//. World Book Advanced, n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2012. .

Klotchko, Alena, and Burke A. Cunha. "Salmonellosis:Pathophysiology."//http://reference.medscape.com///. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Feb. 2012. .