Malaria

== **__In Italian Malaria means "bad air".__**

**__Introduction:__**
Malaria is a viral disease that kills many people each year. In 2010 alone malaria killed around 655,000 people. It is important that people all around the world know about this disease and how they can prevent it so that number goes down. In this section we are going to tell you about the history of malaria, when it was discovered. Also we will be telling you about how malaria is transmitted, the symtoms of malaria so if you do think you have it then you can see if you have the symtoms. Lastly, we will talk to you about the treatment for malaria. Our hope for you after reading this section is that you know a little bit more about malaria then you did before reading this. = =

By: Colleen T.


Malaria is thought to be one of the oldest diseases known to mankind. We have been seeing symtoms of Malaria for about 4,000 years. A French army surgeon by the name of Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran was the first to notice parasites in a person that had Malaria at the time, he discovered this in 1880. For his discoveries he was rewarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1907. **To see a picture of him see figure 1.** In 1897 Ronald Ross, a British Officer demostrated malaria parasites can be transmitted into birds by mosquitos. Later in 1902 Ross was rewarded the Nobel Peace Prize, for his discovery of how mosquitos can transmit malaria into birds. **To see a picture of Ronald Ross see figure 2.** A group of Italian investigators led by, Giovanni Batista Grassi were the people that discovered mosquitos can also transmit malaria parasites to humans. Malaria can affect any one at any time, and that was showed in 1906. The Panama Canal was being built in 1906, and there were 26,000 workers of those workers 21,000 were hospitalized at least one time during the construction of the canal because of malaria. Now you can see that malaria can affect anyone at anytime. People are doing things to help control and prevent malaria, some of there efforts are working. For more information about the history of malaria you can go to: []

By: Stephanie K.
Malaria is transmited by a parasite passed from the infected female Anopheles mosquitoes to a human. There are 480 species of Anopheles mosquitoes, and 50 of those species can transmit malaria. There are 5 different types of malaria that humans can be infected bu and transmit: //[|Plasmodium falciparum], [|Plasmodium vivax], [|Plasmodium ovale], [|Plasmodium malariae],// and //[|Plasmodium knowlesi].//The parasite responsible for malaria is a eukaryotic protist from the genus plasmodium, sporozoites. The sporozoites develop in a mosquito's salivary glands, and when a mosquito feasts on blood, the parasite is then realeased into the bloodstream of the victim. Once inside the bloodstream, the sporozoites travel to the liver. There, the sporozoites infect redbloodcells, their host cells. The sporozoites mature inside the cells, until the cell bursts and then releases merozoites. The merozoites then enter the bloodstream and infect more red blood cells. It takes the sporozoites 2 to 3 days to mature, reproduce, and then release. Transmission to a human directly from the Anopheles mosquito is the most common way to get malaria. There are also other ways though. One of the other ways to get malaria is by a mother giving the disease to her unborn child before or during delivery, which would be congenital malaria. There is also "airport" malaria, which is when aircraft carry Anopheles mosquitoes from a place where malaria is common to a place where it isn't common. Then there is transfusion malaria, which is when the disease is given to a blood recipent by the blood of an infected donor. All of these ways of transmission can even be found in the United States. The cylce of malaria transmission is shown below.



By: Caden Woelffer
Moderate to severe shaking chills High fever Profuse sweating as body temp falls Headache Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea

In very high altitudes In colder seasons of some areas In deserts In warmer areas near the equator the transmission will be more intense and malaria will be transmitted year round. India
 * //__WHERE MALARIA IS LOCATED__//** By: Caden Woelffer
 * India ||
 * AFRICA ||


 * South America ||

Malaria kills more than 3,000 kids a day, & more than 2,000,000 a year

**//__Location & symptoms of the disease:__//**
By: Caden Woelffer

Where Malaria occurs:
Malaria Malaria is found and is the biggest problem in the countryIndia, country India, the center of Africa, and inBrazil. in Brazil. The virus is spread by mosquitoes when they bite someone that already has Malaria then bite someone else giving them Malaria. The mosquitoes that have the disease or the disease itself occurs close to the equator or in colder days in warm areas like Africa and India.



**__Prevention/Cure for Malaria:__**
By: CJ M.

__There are many ways to prevent Malaria.__

 * First of all you can keep mosquitoes from biting you, especially at night.
 * Wear insect repellent when you are outside at night and also wear long sleeved shirts.
 * Sleeping under bed nets has been proved extremely effective especially if they are sprayed with insecticide.
 * Taking anitmalarial medicines.
 * Eliminating places where mosquitoes bread in your house.
 * Spraying insecticides on your home's walls to kill adult mosquitoes that come inside.

__There are a few ways to treat M____alaria with medicine.__
It may seem like there are many ways to prevent and treat Malaria but the problem is that this disease occurs in poverty stricken countries. People donate money to research this disease but many people die each year from this disease. Many people in these countries can not afford to be treated for this disease, that is why it is so deadly. For information on this disease check out this cool website on [|Malaria]! This is a photo of a mosquito net. These are very helpful in preventing Malaria.
 * [|Chloroquine]: This drug is available by prescription and it is an antimalarial medicine.
 * [|Mefloquine]: This is a drug prescribed to treat and prevent Malaria.
 * [|Atovaquone-Proguanil]: This is a drug that is used to treat and prevent Malaria.
 * [|Quinine]: This is a drug used to treat and prevent mild cases of Malaria.
 * [|Doxycycline]Do: This is an oral antibiotic commonly used for the treatment of bacterial infections.
 * Artemisin derivatives: (not licensed for use in the United States, but often found overseas). This drug is used to treat and prevent Malaria.

**__Resources__**
“Apicomplexa LIfecycle Stages.” //wikipedia.org//. Wikipedia, 29 Dec. 2011. Web. 27 Feb. 2012. “Atovaquone/‌Proguanil.” //Wikipedia//. Wikipedia Fondation Inc., 2011. Web. 22 Feb. 2012. charles louis alphonse laveran. N.d. //NNDB//. Soylent Communications, 2011. Web. 27 Feb. 2012. “Curing Malaria.” //Medicines for Malaria Venture//. MMV, 2012. Web. 22 Feb. 2012. “Malaria.” //Centers for Disease Control and Prevention//. USA.gov, 2010. Web. 21 Feb. 2012. “Malaria.” //Centers for Disease Control and Prevention//. USA.gov, 2010. Web. 22 Feb. 2012. “Malaria.” //ncbi.nlm.nih.gov//. PubMed Health, 9 June 2011. Web. 27 Feb. 2012. “Malaria.” //WebMD//. WebMD Inc., 2012. Web. 22 Feb. 2012. “Malaria.” //wikipedia.org//. Wikipedia, 22 Feb. 2012. Web. 27 Feb. 2012. “Malaria Cure.” //Med TV//. Cinaero, 2012. Web. 22 Feb. 2012. “Malaria: Past and Present.” //Nobelprize.org//. Nobel Media, 2012. Web. 22 Feb. 2012. “Malaria Transmission Cycle.” Chart. //cedarcrest.edu//. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Feb. 2012. “Malaria Transmission in the United States.” //www.cdc.gov//. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Feb. 2010. Web. 27 Feb. 2012. //Mosquito bitting someone//. N.d. //blog spot//. N.p., 2011. Web. 26 Feb. 2012. Mosquito net. N.d. //LifeSystems//. LIfesystems, 2011. Web. 27 Feb. 2012. //Ronald Ross//. N.d. //Malaria Site//. B. S. Kakkilaya, 5 Apr. 2008. Web. 27 Feb. 2012. Schoenstadt, Arthur. “Malaria Transmission.” //malaria.emedtv.com//. eMedTV, 28 July 2010. Web. 27 Feb. 2012. “Transmission of Malaria.” //malariasite.com//. Malaria Site, 3 Apr. 2011. Web. 27 Feb. 2012.